Gynecology, Obstetrics and Women Health

Menopause, Aging & Hormonal Health

Menopause marks a significant transition in a woman’s life, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. It is characterized by the natural decline in reproductive hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, resulting in the permanent cessation of menstruation. While menopause is a normal biological milestone, the accompanying physiological changes can vary widely in severity and duration. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood fluctuations, irritability, sleep disturbances, decreased libido, and vaginal dryness. These symptoms can significantly affect a woman's physical comfort, emotional health, and daily functioning.Hormone Replacement Therapy remains one of the most effective treatments for managing moderate to severe menopausal symptoms. However, it is not suitable for everyone, and its use requires careful risk-benefit analysis based on personal and family medical history. Emerging research is also exploring the role of the gut microbiome, chronobiology, and genetics in shaping the menopausal experience.