Gynecology, Obstetrics and Women Health

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic and often debilitating condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterine cavity, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the outer surface of the uterus. This tissue responds to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, causing inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue. Endometriosis can lead to severe pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, and infertility, affecting up to 10% of women worldwide. Unfortunately, the condition is often misdiagnosed or delayed due to a lack of awareness, leading to years of unnecessary suffering. The diagnosis of endometriosis typically involves laparoscopy, and while there is no cure, treatment options aim to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These include pain management through non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal therapies, and surgery. Advances in research are helping to uncover the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis, paving the way for more targeted and personalized treatments. There is an increasing focus on early diagnosis, reducing delays in treatment, and improving patient education about the condition. Comprehensive care models also consider the psychological impact of endometriosis, recognizing the need for mental health support in managing chronic pain and fertility concerns.