Gynecology, Obstetrics and Women Health

Menstrual Health and Disorders

Menstrual health is a cornerstone of women’s reproductive and overall well-being, yet millions experience disorders such as dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome that significantly affect quality of life. Advances in menstrual research have improved understanding of hormonal cycles, uterine physiology, and the underlying causes of menstrual irregularities. Modern diagnostic techniques, including hormonal assays and imaging studies, help identify causes such as fibroids, polyps, or endometrial dysfunction. Therapeutic innovations range from hormonal therapies and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to minimally invasive interventions for heavy bleeding. Increasing awareness of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome has led to earlier diagnosis and better management options. Public health initiatives are emphasizing menstrual hygiene, education, and access to safe products to promote dignity and inclusion. Technology is also playing a role through mobile apps and digital health tracking tools that empower women to monitor their cycles and detect abnormalities early. Menstrual health is increasingly recognized as a global health priority linked to gender equity, reproductive rights, and sustainable development, highlighting the importance of continued research, education, and advocacy.