Gynecology, Obstetrics and Women Health

Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Management

Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, leading to inflammation, scarring, and severe pelvic pain. It affects millions of women worldwide and is a leading cause of infertility. Advances in medical research have improved understanding of its complex pathophysiology, including the role of genetics, hormonal imbalance, and immune dysfunction. Diagnostic methods have evolved, with laparoscopy and imaging techniques offering greater accuracy, while non-invasive biomarkers are under development to enable earlier detection. Treatment approaches have expanded from traditional hormonal suppression to targeted therapies that address inflammation and nerve involvement. Minimally invasive surgery remains the gold standard for severe cases, offering pain relief and fertility preservation. Integrative approaches combining medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications are increasingly recognized for managing chronic pain. Awareness campaigns and advocacy efforts are helping to destigmatize menstrual pain and promote timely diagnosis. The ongoing research into molecular mechanisms and regenerative medicine offers hope for future curative treatments. Addressing endometriosis effectively requires a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates gynecology, pain medicine, psychology, and patient education to improve quality of life and reproductive outcomes.