9^th International Conference on Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Women Health October 24-25, 2018 ANA Crowne Plaza | Osaka, Japan

Gynecology and Obstetrics are the studies of the female reproductive system. Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Gynecology is a broader field, focusing on the general health care of women and treating conditions that affect the female reproductive organs. Doctors who are specialized in gynecology and obstetrics will have to undergo four years of post-medical school training in the areas of women’s general health, pregnancy, labor and delivery, preconception and postpartum care, prenatal testing, and genetics. For example, women may be referred as gynecologists in the earlier stages of pregnancy, and obstetricians later in their term.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which one in each 10 women are generally affected. PCOS condition leads to hormonal imbalance in women’s body and affects the overall health and appearance. PCOS is considered as one of the common reason of infertility and is treatable. Between 5-10% of women with child bearing age (15-44) generally affected by PCOS. PCOS generally affects ovaries, responsible to produce estrogen and progesterone hormone. PCOS most commonly remains undiagnosed. About 70% of women affected with PCOS remains undiagnosed.  Some common symptoms of PCOS include Irregular menstrual cycle, hirsutism, Acne, thinning of hair, excess Weight gain, Darkening of skin and skin tagging. There is no cure for PCOS, but medications are being used to manage the symptoms of PCOS.

Gynecological Endocrinology focuses on the treatment of disorders related to menstruation, fertility and menopause.  Reproductive endocrinology and Fetal-Placental neuroendocrine development refers to a subspecialty that focuses on the biological causes and its interventional treatment of infertility and its development. It is related to the control and function of the different endocrine glands in women, the effects of reproductive events on the endocrine system , and the consequences of endocrine disorders on reproduction.

Endometriosis is the growth of tissues of the inner lines of the uterus to outside of uterus. In healthcare terms, lesions/nodules/implants are used to describe the endometrial patches. Most of the Endometriosis patches grow in the pelvic cavity and generally, on or over the two ovaries and ovaries, behind the uterus or tissues holding the uterus, and on the bowels or bladder. The major symptom is the pelvic pain very often linked with menstrual cycle, sometimes cramping during the period and the pain is worse than regular pains during the cycle. The main complication of Endometriosis is infertility. About 30-50% women suffering with Endometriosis face difficulties in their pregnancy.

Gynecologic Surgery is giving a data for clinical articles managing all parts of agent and office gynecology. "Gynecological surgery ", established in 2004, is the first and head peer-surveyed logical diary devoted to all parts of research, advancement, and preparing in gynecological surgery. Gynecological surgery alludes to surgery on the female conceptive framework. It incorporates strategies for amiable conditions, malignancy, fruitlessness, and incontinence. Gynecological surgery may once in a while be performed for elective or restorative purposes .Also this field is quickly changing because of new advancements and developments in endoscopy, apply autonomy, imaging and other interventional systems. Gynecological surgery is presently develops every surgical intercession relating to ladies wellbeing, including Urogynecology, oncology and fetal surgery.

The Women’s Health Nurse provides a women centered service which aims to improve women’s health and wellbeing by maximizing access to a range of health information .The aims of the clinical, counseling, referral and health promotion services provided are to maximize a women’s choice and facilitate empowerment contributing to improve outcomes for women. Among the many professional, the women’s health nurse focuses their care exclusively on female health issues. These nurses have a myriad of options as to where they wish to focus their careers.

The branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, diagnosis and management of reproductive problems is known to be reproductive medicine. The aim of Reproductive Medicine is to improve and maintain the quality of reproductive health. The knowledge of reproductive medicine is based on reproductive anatomy, endocrinology, physiology and pathology. If the topic of reproductive medicine is taken into account it can be further sub divided into prenatal medicine and postnatal medicine. The issues addressed in reproductive medicine are sexual education family planning, reproductive system diseases, birth control, infertility and sexual dysfunction. Ovulation, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause and other gynecological problems are also assessed under reproductive medicine.

• Prenatal medicine
• Perinatal Medicine
• Fatty eggs and Fertility

Reproductive toxicology is one of the most important branches of toxicology which deals with the effect of the toxins and the chemical substances on the reproductive system both male and female. The developmental toxicology occurs during the prenatal development before the conception. Reproductive toxicity is a hazard related with some chemical substances, that they will affect in some way with usual reproduction; such materials are called nephrotoxic. It comprises adverse properties on sexual role and fertility in mature males and women, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring. Though, many constituents which are toxic for reproduction do not fall into any of these groups: lead compounds, for sample, are careful to be toxic for reproduction assumed their opposing effects on the normal intelligent and psychomotor growth of human babies and children.

Abortion is removing an embryo or fetus from the uterus before it can survive outside the uterus, which ends the pregnancy. An abortion which is intentional is called as induced abortion and which occurs spontaneously is called as Miscarriage. Induced abortion has negative impact on the women’s health. Due to the induced abortion women faces problems like lower fertility, more vulnerable to Sexual Transmitted Diseases, breast Cancer and mental health. Unsafe abortion sometimes results in death and serious complications.

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible. The cycle is required for the production of oocytes, and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms during the one to two weeks prior to menstruation.

The menstrual cycle is governed by hormonal changes. These changes can be altered by using hormonal birth control to prevent pregnancy. Each cycle can be divided into three phases based on events in the ovary (ovarian cycle) or in the uterus (uterine cycle). The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase whereas the uterine cycle is divided into menstruation, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.

The infectious etiologies of cervicitis, all of which are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), are significantly more common than the non infectious causes. Because the female genital tract is contiguous from the vulva to the fallopian tubes, there is some overlap between vulvovaginitis and cervicitis; both conditions are commonly categorized as lower genital tract infections. C trachomatis infection affects the cervix, urethra, salpinges, uterus, nasopharynx, and epididymis. Pregnant women with untreated genital herpes during the first or second trimester appear to have a greater than two-fold risk of preterm delivery compared with women not exposed to herpes.

Women with early cervical cancers and pre-cancers usually have no symptoms. Symptoms often do not begin until a pre-cancer becomes a true invasive cancer and grows into nearby tissue.

When this happens, the most common symptoms are: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after sex (vaginal intercourse), bleeding after menopause, bleeding and spotting between periods, and having longer or heavier (menstrual) periods than usual. Bleeding after douching, or after a pelvic exam is a common symptom of cervical cancer but not pre-cancer. An unusual discharge from the vagina − the discharge may contain some blood and may occur between your periods or after menopause; Pain during sex (vaginal intercourse).

Ovarian Cancer may cause several signs and symptoms. The most common symptoms include

• Bloating
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Trouble eating or feeling full quickly
• Urinary symptoms such as urgency or frequency

These symptoms are also commonly caused by benign (non-cancerous) diseases and by cancers of other organs. If a woman has these symptoms more than 12 times a month, she should see her doctor, preferably a gynaecologist.

Others symptoms of ovarian cancer can include:

• Fatigue, Upset stomach, Back pain, Pain during sex, Constipation, Menstrual changes, Abdominal swelling with weight loss

Endometrial cancer Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, such as a change in their periods or bleeding between periods or after menopause. This symptom can also occur with some non-cancerous conditions, but it is important to have a test. If you have gone through menopause already, it’s especially important to report any vaginal bleeding, spotting, or abnormal discharge to your doctor.

Pain in the pelvis, feeling a mass, and losing weight without trying can also be symptoms of endometrial cancer.

Vulva cancer Signs and Symptoms

• Women with vulvar cancer may experience the following symptoms or signs. Sometimes, women with vulvar cancer do not show any of these symptoms.
• A lump or growth in or on the vulvar area
• A patch of skin that is differently textured or colored than the rest of the vulvar area
• Persistent itching, pain, soreness, or burning in the vulvar area
• Painful urination
• Bleeding or discharge that is not menstrual blood
• An ulcer that persists for more than one month

Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms

The first symptoms of breast cancer are usually an area of thickened tissue in the woman's breast, or a lump. The majority of lumps are not cancerous; however, women should get them checked by a health care professional.

The symptoms include

• A lump in a breast
• A pain in the armpits or breast that does not seem to be related to the woman's menstrual period
• Pitting or redness of the skin of the breast; like the skin of an orange
• A rash around (or on) one of the nipples
• A swelling (lump) in one of the armpits
• An area of thickened tissue in a breast
• One of the nipples has a discharge; sometimes it may contain blood
• The nipple changes in appearance; it may become sunken or inverted
• The size or the shape of the breast changes
• The nipple-skin or breast-skin may have started to peel, scale or flake.

Surgery is the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue during an operation. A surgical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in treating cancer using surgery. A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and cervix.

Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. A doctor who specializes in giving radiation therapy to treat cancer is called a Radiation Oncologist. Radiation therapy may be given alone, before surgery, or instead of surgery to shrink the tumor. Many women may be treated with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, usually by stopping the cancer cells ability to grow and divide. Chemotherapy is given by a medical oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating cancer with medication. Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Common ways to give chemotherapy include an intravenous (IV) tube placed into a vein using a needle or in a pill or capsule that is swallowed (orally).

Immunizations, or vaccines as they're also known, securely and viably utilize a little measure of immobilized or killed microorganisms or bits of lab-made protein that copy the infection with a specific end goal to counteract disease by that same infection or microbes. This triggers body's immune system, making it to produce antibodies to that specific infection or instigate different procedures that improve immunity. Ever again exposure to the real ailment causing living being, your safe framework is set up to fight the disease. An antibody will generally prevent the onset of a sickness or else its progression. The objective of general wellbeing is to prevent illness. It's significantly cost effective to prevent an ailment than to treat it.

General internists are equipped to manage whatever problem a patient brings regardless of how normal or uncommon, or how simple or complex. They are uniquely prepared to take care of complicated diagnostic cases and can deal with serious chronic diseases and circumstances where a few distinct diseases may strike at the same time. Their preparation extraordinarily qualifies them to practice primary care and look after patients. In spite of the fact that internists may go about as primary care doctors, they are not "general specialists," or "family doctors," whose preparation is not exclusively focused on adults and may incorporate pediatrics, obstetrics and surgery. Some internists may concentrate their training on caring of patients in the healing facility setting, and might be referred to as "hospitalists" the larger part of hospitalists in the society is general internist.